MotherBoard

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Nearly all PCs and compatible computers share one common feature: they are built with a single, large, printed circuit board as their foundation. In many cases, the big board—usually called the motherboard—essentially is the entire computer. Almost completely self-contained, the one board holds the most vital electronic components that define the PC: its microprocessor, support circuitry, memory, and often video and audio functions. Anything you want to add to your PC plugs into the expansion bus that’s part of the motherboard. As such a basic element, the motherboard defines both the PC and its capabilities. The circuitry it contains determines the overall performance of your system. Without the motherboard, you wouldn’t have a PC.
The motherboard also offers us an excellent introduction to the technologies that underlie modern computers. The design and construction practices of the motherboard are identical to those of all computer circuits and peripherals—and, indeed, nearly all modern electronic devices.
Background

In a modern PC, the motherboard is the big green centerpiece inside the case. Each computer maker essentially builds the rest of its PCs around the motherboard. On the motherboard, the PC makers put all the most important electrical circuits that make up the computer. The expansion bus on the motherboard provides a foundation for future expansion, adding new features and capabilities to your PC.
Open your PC and you’ll see the motherboard inside. It usually lines the bottom of desktop systems or one side of tower and mini-tower systems. It’s the biggest circuit board inside the PC, likely the biggest circuit board in any electronic device you have around your home or office. Typically, it takes the form of a thick green sheet about the size of a piece of notebook paper and is decorated with an array of electronic components.
Although all motherboards look much the same, that similarity belies many differences in technologies and approaches to PC design. Some computer makers strive to cram as much circuitry as possible on the motherboard. Others put as little as possible there. The difference affects both the initial cost of your PC and its future use and expansion.

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